Islamic Scientists
311 scholars who shaped human knowledge — from the 8th century to today
Showing 311 of 311
ابن الهيثم
965–1040Ibn al-Haytham
Father of Modern Optics
الخوارزمي
780–850Al-Khwarizmi
Father of Algebra
ابن سينا
980–1037Ibn Sina
Prince of Physicians
البيروني
973–1048Al-Biruni
Master of All Knowledge
الرازي
854–925Al-Razi (Rhazes)
The Father of Clinical Medicine
الفارابي
872–950Al-Farabi
The Second Teacher
الغزالي
1058–1111Al-Ghazali
The Proof of Islam
ابن رشد
1126–1198Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
The Commentator
ابن خلدون
1332–1406Ibn Khaldun
The Father of Sociology and Historiography
نصير الدين الطوسي
1201–1274Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
The Master of Mathematics and the Stars
جابر بن حيان
721–815Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber)
Father of Chemistry
البتاني
858–929Al-Battani
The Ptolemy of the Arabs
أبو القاسم الزهراوي
936–1013Al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis)
Father of Modern Surgery
ابن النفيس
1213–1288Ibn al-Nafis
Discoverer of Pulmonary Circulation
محمد الإدريسي
1100–1165Al-Idrisi
Greatest Cartographer of the Medieval World
عمر الخيام
1048–1131Omar Khayyam
Mathematician, Astronomer, and Poet of the Infinite
الكندي
801–873Al-Kindi
Father of Arab Philosophy
المسعودي
896–956Al-Masudi
The Herodotus of the Arabs
ثابت بن قرة
836–901Thabit ibn Qurra
Reformer of Ptolemaic Astronomy
الفرغاني
800–870Al-Farghani
The Astronomer of the Caliphs
ابن طفيل
1105–1185Ibn Tufayl
The Philosopher of the Desert Island
نصير الدين الطوسي
1201–1274Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Master of the Sciences
الجزري
1136–1206Al-Jazari
Father of Modern Engineering
أولغ بيك
1394–1449Ulugh Beg
The Astronomer Sultan
ابن الشاطر
1304–1375Ibn al-Shatir
The Clock Maker and Astronomer
الكاشي
1380–1429Jamshid al-Kashi
Calculator of Pi
البوزجاني
940–998Abu al-Wafa al-Buzjani
Master of Trigonometry
الكرجي
953–1029Abu Bakr al-Karaji
Pioneer of Algebraic Calculus
شرف الدين الطوسي
1135–1213Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
Solver of Cubic Equations
القلصادي
1412–1486Abu al-Hasan al-Qalasadi
Father of Algebraic Notation
كمال الدين الفارسي
1267–1319Kamal al-Din al-Farisi
The Explainer of the Rainbow
علي قوشجي
1403–1474Ali Qushji
The Astronomer of Constantinople
تقي الدين محمد بن معروف
1521–1585Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
The Ottoman Galileo
أحمد بن ماجد النجدي
1421–1500Ahmad ibn Majid al-Najdi
The Lion of the Sea
أبو الوفاء البوزجاني
940–998Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani
Inventor of the Sine and Tangent Tables
أبو كامل
850–930Abu Kamil
The Egyptian Calculator
الأقليدسي
920–980Al-Uqlidisi
Pioneer of Decimal Fractions
ابن سهل
940–1000Ibn Sahl
Discoverer of the Law of Refraction
ابن يونس
950–1009Ibn Yunus
The Astronomer of the Fatimids
البطروجي
1150–1204Al-Bitruji
The Anti-Ptolemaic Astronomer
الجاحظ
776–868Al-Jahiz
Father of Evolutionary Zoology
الهمداني
893–945Al-Hamdani
The Tongue of Yemen
الدمشقي
1256–1327Al-Dimashqi
The Geographer of Natural History
زكريا القزويني
1203–1283Zakariyya al-Qazwini
The Muslim Pliny
ابن بطوطة
1304–1368Ibn Battuta
The Greatest Traveler of the Ancient World
ابن باجة
1085–1138Ibn Bajja (Avempace)
The Philosopher of Saragossa
قطب الدين الشيرازي
1236–1311Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
The Polymath of Shiraz
ابن خلدون
1332–1406Ibn Khaldun
Father of Economics and Social Science
ماشاء الله بن أثري
740–815Masha'allah ibn Athari
Founder of Islamic Astronomy
حنين بن إسحاق
809–873Hunayn ibn Ishaq
Master of the Translators
علي بن العباس المجوسي
930–994Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi
The Royal Book Physician
ابن الخطيب
1313–1374Ibn al-Khatib
The Pioneer of Germ Theory
ابن البيطار
1197–1248Ibn al-Baitar
The Greatest Botanist of the Middle Ages
السموأل بن يحيى المغربي
1130–1180Al-Samaw'al ibn Yahya al-Maghribi
The Algebraist of Baghdad
المراكشي
1281–1320Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
The Master of Astronomical Instruments
السيوطي
1445–1505Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti
The Scholar of Five Hundred Books
ابن الوردي
1292–1349Zayn al-Din Umar ibn al-Wardi
The Geographer-Poet
ابن معاذ الجياني
989–1079Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muadh al-Jayyani
Pioneer of Spherical Trigonometry
يحيى بن أبي منصور
770–830Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
Compiler of the First Islamic Astronomical Tables
عبد السلام
1926–1996Abdus Salam
Nobel Laureate — Electroweak Theory
أحمد زويل
1946–2016Ahmed Zewail
Father of Femtochemistry
عزيز سنجر
ModernAziz Sancar
Nobel Prize — DNA Repair
فاروق الباز
ModernFarouk El-Baz
NASA Apollo Geologist
مايكل ديباكي
1908–2008Michael DeBakey
Father of Modern Cardiovascular Surgery
مريم ميرزاخاني
1977–2017Maryam Mirzakhani
First Woman to Win the Fields Medal
لطفي زاده
1921–2017Lotfi Zadeh
Father of Fuzzy Logic
عمر ياغي
ModernOmar Yaghi
Pioneer of Metal-Organic Frameworks
علي جوان
1926–2016Ali Javan
Inventor of the Gas Laser
نرگس موالوالا
ModernNergis Mavalvala
Gravitational Wave Physicist
مجدي يعقوب
ModernSir Magdi Yacoub
The Heart Surgeon Who Changed Millions of Lives
مصطفى طلبة
1922–2016Mostafa Tolba
The Father of International Environmentalism
سلطان بن سلمان آل سعود
ModernSultan bin Salman Al Saud
First Arab and Muslim Astronaut
أنوشه انصاري
ModernAnousheh Ansari
First Muslim Woman in Space
هدى زغبي
ModernHuda Zoghbi
Discoverer of the Rett Syndrome Gene
حياة سندي
ModernHayat Sindi
Pioneer of Accessible Medical Diagnostics
نادر انقتا
ModernNader Engheta
Pioneer of Metamaterials and Optical Nanocircuits
أروغياسامي باولراج
ModernArogyaswami Paulraj
Father of MIMO Technology
مينا بيسل
ModernMina Bissell
Pioneer of 3D Cancer Biology
نضال قسوم
ModernNidhal Guessoum
The Astronomer-Theologian
عطاء الرحمن
ModernAtta ur Rahman
The Chemist Who Built Pakistani Science
هزاع المنصوري
ModernHazzaa Al Mansoori
First Emirati Astronaut
سليم حق
1952–2023Saleemul Huq
Pioneer of Climate Change Adaptation
شيخ مصفر شكور
ModernSheikh Muszaphar Shukor
First Malaysian Astronaut
ضياء الدين سردار
ModernZiauddin Sardar
Scholar of Islam and Science
علي حاجيميري
ModernAli Hajimiri
Pioneer of Integrated Circuit Design
سيد حسين نصر
ModernSeyyed Hossein Nasr
Philosopher of Islamic Science
بابك حسيبي
ModernBabak Hassibi
Theorist of Information and Inference
أحمد كريمي حكاك
ModernAhmad Karimi-Hakkak
Scholar of Persian Science and Literature
أكمل الدين إحسان أوغلو
ModernEkmeleddin Ihsanoglu
Historian of Islamic Science
ابن زهر
1094–1162Ibn Zuhr
Avenzoar — Pioneer of Experimental Medicine and Surgery
الخازني
1080–1160Al-Khazini
Master of the Balance and the Science of Weights
مؤيد الدين العُرضي
1200–1266Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Urdi
Astronomer, Mathematician and Engineer of the Maragha Observatory
أبو محمود الخُجَندي
940–1000Abu Mahmud al-Khujandi
Astronomer and Builder of the Giant Mural Sextant
أبو نصر منصور بن علي بن عراق
960–1036Abu Nasr Mansur ibn Iraq
Master of Spherical Trigonometry and Teacher of al-Biruni
حَبَش الحاسب المروزي
796–869Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi
Pioneer of the Tangent and the Geometry of Shadows
أبو العباس الفضل بن حاتم النيريزي
865–922Al-Nayrizi
Geometer and Commentator on Euclid
أبو حامد أحمد بن محمد الصغاني الأسطرلابي
940–990Al-Saghani
Master Astronomer and Astrolabe Maker
أبو حنيفة الدينوري
815–896Abu Hanifa al-Dinawari
Father of Arabic Botany
ابن وحشية
860–935Ibn Wahshiyya
Pioneer of Agronomy and Decipherment
ابن الجزّار
898–980Ibn al-Jazzar
Physician of Kairouan, Author of Provisions for the Traveller
إسحاق بن سليمان الإسرائيلي
832–932Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
Physician and Philosopher of Kairouan, Author of On Fevers
ابن بطلان
1001–1066Ibn Butlan
Christian Arab Physician and Author of the Taqwim al-Sihha
ابن التلميذ
1074–1165Ibn al-Tilmidh
Chief Physician of Baghdad and Author of the Aqrabadhin Pharmacopoeia
علي بن سهل ربن الطبري
838–870Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
Pioneer of the Medical Encyclopedia
يوحنا بن ماسويه
777–857Yuhanna ibn Masawayh
Master Physician of the Translation Movement
ابن القف الكركي
1233–1286Ibn al-Quff
Author of the First Dedicated Arabic Surgery Manual
نجيب الدين السمرقندي
1170–1222Najib al-Din al-Samarqandi
Master of Practical Medicine and Pharmacology
أحمد التيفاشي
1184–1253Ahmad al-Tifashi
Author of the Book of Stones, Pioneer of Medieval Gemology
عز الدين أيدمر الجلدكي
1300–1342Aydamir al-Jaldaki
Encyclopedist of Medieval Islamic Alchemy and Chemistry
ابن العوّام
1100–1180Ibn al-Awwam
The Master of Andalusi Agriculture
ابن بصّال
1030–1105Ibn Bassal
Pioneer of Experimental Agronomy
ابن خلف المرادي
1000–1075Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi
Andalusian Engineer and Author of the Book of Secrets
رضوان بن الساعاتي
1155–1230Ridwan ibn al-Sa'ati
Damascene Engineer and Master of the Mosque Water Clock
محيي الدين المغربي
1220–1283Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
Astronomer and Trigonometer of the Maragha Observatory
الجغميني
1156–1221Al-Jaghmini
Author of the Mulakhkhas, the Most Widely Studied Astronomy Textbook
ابن البنّاء المراكشي
1256–1321Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi
Master of Maghrebi Mathematics and Symbolic Algebra
ابن مُنعِم العبدري
ClassicalIbn Munim al-Abdari
Pioneer of Combinatorics in the Medieval Maghreb
أبو بكر الحصّار
1100–1200Abu Bakr al-Hassar
Mathematician and Pioneer of the Fraction Bar
ابن الياسمين
1130–1204Ibn al-Yasamin
Mathematician and Author of the Algebra Poem
السِّجْزي
945–1020Al-Sijzi
Geometer of the Conic Sections and the Perfect Compass
أبو سهل القُوهي
940–1000Abu Sahl al-Quhi
Master Geometer and Head of the Baghdad Observatory
الأسفزاري
1048–1116Al-Isfizari
Master of the Balance and the Science of Heat
القبيصي
ClassicalAl-Qabisi
Author of the Introduction That Taught Europe the Stars
سند بن علي
796–864Sind ibn Ali
Astronomer of the House of Wisdom
خالد بن عبد الملك المروروذي
770–840Khalid ibn Abd al-Malik al-Marwarrudhi
Observer of the Heavens for al-Ma'mun
محمد بن موسى بن شاكر
800–873Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir
The Eldest of the Banu Musa Brothers, Pioneer of Mechanical Engineering
أحمد بن موسى بن شاكر
805–873Ahmad ibn Musa ibn Shakir
The Engineer of the Banu Musa, Pioneer of Automatic Control
محمد بن إبراهيم الفزاري
730–796Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Fazari
The First Astronomer of Islam and Maker of the Astrolabe
يعقوب بن طارق
720–796Yaqub ibn Tariq
Transmitter of Indian Astronomy to the Arabic World
عبد العلي البِرْجَنْدي
1470–1528Abd al-Ali al-Birjandi
Master Commentator of the Maragha Astronomical Tradition
شمس الدين الخَفْري
1470–1550Shams al-Din al-Khafri
Innovator of Non-Ptolemaic Planetary Models
قاضي زاده الرومي
1364–1436Qadi Zada al-Rumi
Head of the Samarkand Madrasa and Observatory
سبط المارديني
1423–1506Sibt al-Maridini
Timekeeper of the Al-Azhar Mosque
ابن المجدي
1366–1447Ibn al-Majdi
Egyptian Astronomer and Mathematician of the Mamluk Era
الوفائي
1408–1471Al-Wafa'i
Egyptian Timekeeper and Astronomer of the Quadrant
مصطفى بن علي المُوَقِّت
1495–1571Mustafa ibn Ali al-Muwaqqit
Chief Timekeeper of the Ottoman Court and Astronomer
مَطْرَقْجِي نَصُوح
1480–1564Matrakçı Nasuh
Ottoman Mathematician, Geographer and Miniature Painter
بيري ريس
1465–1553Piri Reis
Ottoman Admiral and Cartographer
سيدي علي ريس
1498–1563Seydi Ali Reis
Ottoman Admiral, Navigator and Astronomer
الحسن بن محمد الوزان
1494–1554Hasan al-Wazzan
Geographer and Author of the Description of Africa
أحمد بن فضلان
877–960Ahmad ibn Fadlan
Traveler and Ethnographer of the Volga
اليعقوبي
845–897Al-Yaqubi
Geographer and Historian, Author of the Book of Countries
ابن خرداذبه
820–912Ibn Khordadbeh
Father of Administrative Geography, Director of Posts and Intelligence
الإصطخري
900–957Al-Istakhri
Master of the Routes of the Realms and Regional Cartography
ابن حوقل
920–988Ibn Hawqal
Author of the Face of the Earth and Traveling Geographer of the Islamic World
المقدسي
945–991Al-Muqaddasi
Pioneer of Empirical Human Geography
ياقوت الحموي
1179–1229Yaqut al-Hamawi
Author of the Great Dictionary of Countries
أبو الفداء
1273–1331Abu al-Fida
Prince-Geographer and Historian of Hama
ابن جبير
1145–1217Ibn Jubayr
Andalusian Traveler and Pioneer of the Rihla
رشيد الدين الهمذاني
1247–1318Rashid al-Din Hamadani
Statesman and Author of the First World History
ابن فضل الله العمري
1300–1349Al-Umari
Encyclopedist and Geographer of the Mamluk World
ابن سيده
1007–1066Ibn Sida
The Blind Master of the Arabic Lexicon
الراغب الأصفهاني
1050–1108Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
Master of Quranic Vocabulary and Moral Philosophy
مسكويه
932–1030Miskawayh
Philosopher of Ethics and Historian
أبو سليمان السجستاني
912–985Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani
Philosopher and Leader of the Baghdad Philosophical Circle
أبو حيان التوحيدي
923–1023Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi
Philosopher of the Littérateurs and Littérateur of the Philosophers
ابن هندو
950–1019Ibn Hindu
Philosopher-Physician of Ray
بهمنيار بن المرزبان
993–1066Bahmanyar ibn Marzban
The Foremost Student of Ibn Sina and Author of al-Tahsil
أبو البركات البغدادي
1080–1165Abu al-Barakat al-Baghdadi
The Critic of Aristotelian Dynamics and Pioneer of the Theory of Accelerated Motion
شهاب الدين السهروردي
1154–1191Shihab al-Din al-Suhrawardi
Founder of the Philosophy of Illumination
سيف الدين الآمدي
1156–1233Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
Master of Logic and Legal Theory
عضد الدين الإيجي
1281–1355Adud al-Din al-Iji
Master of Speculative Theology and the Encyclopedist of the Stations
الشريف الجرجاني
1339–1414Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
Master of Logic and Author of the Book of Definitions
سعد الدين التفتازاني
1322–1390Sa'd al-Din al-Taftazani
The Polymath Commentator of the Madrasa Tradition
صدر الدين الشيرازي (ملا صدرا)
1571–1640Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi (Mulla Sadra)
Founder of the Transcendent Theosophy
مير داماد
1561–1631Mir Damad
Founder of the School of Isfahan
بهاء الدين العاملي
1547–1621Baha al-Din al-Amili
Polymath of Safavid Isfahan
عبد الرحمن الصوفي
903–986Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
Master of the Fixed Stars and First Recorder of the Andromeda Galaxy
ابن الأعلم
920–985Ibn al-Alam
Astronomer of Baghdad and Author of the Acclaimed Planetary Tables
كوشيار بن لبان
971–1029Kushyar ibn Labban
Master of Hindu Arithmetic and Astronomical Tables
النَّسَوي
1010–1075Al-Nasawi
Author of the Satisfying on Hindu Calculation
أبو منصور البغدادي
980–1037Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
Mathematician and Scholar of Arithmetic and Number Theory
أبو القاسم الأنطاكي
920–987Abu al-Qasim al-Antaki
Mathematician and Author of the Comprehensive Book on Calculation
نجم الدين ابن اللبودي
1210–1267Najm al-Din ibn al-Lubudi
Physician, Mathematician and Astronomer of Ayyubid Syria
أثير الدين الأبهري
1200–1265Athir al-Din al-Abhari
Logician, Astronomer and Author of the Isaghuji
نجم الدين القزويني الكاتبي
1203–1276Najm al-Din al-Qazwini al-Katibi
Author of the Shamsiyya, the Standard Logic Textbook of the Islamic World
قطب الدين الرازي
1290–1365Qutb al-Din al-Razi
Master Commentator on Logic and Philosophy
داود الأنطاكي
1543–1599Da'ud al-Antaki
Physician, Botanist and Author of the Tadhkira
ابن الأكفاني
1286–1348Ibn al-Akfani
Physician and Classifier of the Sciences
القلقشندي
1355–1418Al-Qalqashandi
Master of Chancery Science and Encyclopedist of the Mamluk State
النويري
1279–1333Al-Nuwayri
Encyclopedist of the Mamluk Age and Author of The Ultimate Ambition
ابن أبي أصيبعة
1203–1270Ibn Abi Usaybia
Physician and Historian of Medicine
القِفطي
1172–1248Al-Qifti
Historian of the Learned and Statesman
صاعد الأندلسي
1029–1070Sa'id al-Andalusi
Judge of Toledo and Historian of the Sciences of Nations
ابن جُلجُل
944–994Ibn Juljul
Court Physician of Córdoba and Historian of Medicine
ابن الصفّار
ClassicalIbn al-Saffar
Astronomer and Master of the Astrolabe of Al-Andalus
مسلمة المجريطي
950–1007Maslama al-Majriti
Father of the Andalusian School of Astronomy and Mathematics
ابن السمح
979–1035Ibn al-Samh
Andalusi Mathematician and Astronomer, Master of the Astrolabe
الزرقالي
1029–1100Al-Zarqali (Arzachel)
Master Astronomer of Toledo, Inventor of the Universal Astrolabe
جابر بن أفلح
1100–1150Jabir ibn Aflah
The Andalusian Astronomer and Reformer of the Almagest
المؤتمن بن هود
1029–1085Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
The Scholar-King of Zaragoza and Author of the Book of Perfection
محمد محمد عطاالله
1924–2009Mohamed M. Atalla
Father of the MOSFET and Surface Passivation
طاهر الجمل
ModernTaher Elgamal
Father of SSL and Inventor of the ElGamal Cryptosystem
فضل الرحمن خان
1929–1982Fazlur Rahman Khan
Father of Tubular Designs for Skyscrapers
تشارلز إيلاشي
ModernCharles Elachi
Former Director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
إلياس زرهوني
ModernElias Zerhouni
Radiologist and Former Director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health
فواز العلبي
ModernFawwaz Ulaby
Electrical Engineer and Pioneer of Microwave Remote Sensing
مصطفى السيد
ModernMostafa El-Sayed
Pioneer of Nanoparticle Spectroscopy and the El-Sayed Rule
نيما أركاني حامد
ModernNima Arkani-Hamed
Theoretical Physicist of the Amplituhedron and Extra Dimensions
كومرون وفا
ModernCumrun Vafa
Theoretical Physicist and Pioneer of F-Theory and the Swampland Program
مهران كاردار
ModernMehran Kardar
Statistical Physicist and Co-Discoverer of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Equation
كوشَر بيركار
ModernCaucher Birkar
Fields Medalist and Pioneer of Birational Geometry
تسنيم زهرة حسين
ModernTasneem Zehra Husain
Pakistan's First Woman String Theorist and Science Communicator
جاهد عارف
1910–1997Cahit Arf
Turkish Mathematician, Father of Modern Turkish Mathematics
فضا غورسي
1921–1992Feza Gürsey
Turkish-American Theoretical Physicist, Pioneer of Group Theory in Particle Physics
غازي ياشارغيل
ModernGazi Yaşargil
Father of Microneurosurgery
حلوصي بهجت
1889–1948Hulusi Behçet
Discoverer of Behçet's Disease
أوكتاي سينان أوغلو
1935–2015Oktay Sinanoglu
Pioneer of Many-Electron Theory and Solvophobic Theory
سميرة موسى
1917–1952Sameera Moussa
Pioneer of the Medical Applications of Nuclear Technology
كريمات السيد
ModernKarimat El-Sayed
Egyptian Physicist and Pioneer of X-ray Crystallography in the Arab World
رنا القليوبي
ModernRana el Kaliouby
Egyptian-American Computer Scientist and Pioneer of Emotion-Recognition AI
علي حسن نايفة
1933–2017Ali Hasan Nayfeh
Father of Modern Perturbation Methods
منير حسن نايفة
ModernMunir Hasan Nayfeh
Pioneer of Silicon Nanoparticles
رياض الدين
1930–2013Riazuddin
Pakistani Theoretical and Particle Physicist
غلام مرتضى
ModernGhulam Murtaza
Pakistani Plasma Physicist
محمود حسابي
1903–1992Mahmoud Hessaby
Father of Modern Physics in Iran
فيروز نادري
1946–2023Firouz Naderi
NASA Mars Exploration Leader
عدة المطيري
ModernAdah Almutairi
Pioneer of Stimuli-Responsive Nanomedicine
رنا الدجاني
ModernRana Dajani
Molecular Biologist and Champion of Science and Literacy
منير أحمد خان
1926–1999Munir Ahmad Khan
Father of Pakistan’s Nuclear Power Program
ثمر مبارك مند
ModernSamar Mubarakmand
Pakistani Nuclear Physicist and Experimentalist
أصغر قادر
ModernAsghar Qadir
Pakistani Mathematical Physicist and Relativist
محمد رضي الدين صديقي
1908–1998Mohammad Raziuddin Siddiqui
Pakistani Mathematician and Founder of Universities
سليم الزمان صديقي
1897–1994Salimuzzaman Siddiqui
Father of Natural Product Chemistry in the Subcontinent
نويد سيد
ModernNaweed Syed
Pioneer of the Brain-Chip Interface
برويز هودبهوي
ModernPervez Hoodbhoy
Nuclear Physicist and Advocate for Science Education
حسين بهاروند
ModernHossein Baharvand
Pioneer of Stem Cell Science in Iran
رضا منصوري
ModernReza Mansouri
Iranian Cosmologist and Relativistic Astrophysicist
يوسف ثبوتي
ModernYousef Sobouti
Iranian Astrophysicist and Founder of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences
أنور نسيم
ModernAnwar Nasim
Pakistani Molecular Geneticist and Science Policy Leader
شاهد حسين بخاري
ModernShahid Hussain Bokhari
Pakistani Pioneer of Parallel and Distributed Computing
إنغين أريك
1948–2007Engin Arık
Turkish Experimental Particle Physicist
بهرام كورشون أوغلو
1922–2003Behram Kurşunoğlu
Turkish-American Theoretical Physicist
عاصم أورهان باروت
1926–1994Asim Orhan Barut
Master of Group-Theoretic Methods in Physics
دلهان إريورت
1926–2012Dilhan Eryurt
Astrophysicist of the Sun and the Apollo Era
محمد فارس
ModernMohammed Faris
First Syrian Astronaut and Military Aviator
سارة صبري
ModernSara Sabry
First Egyptian and First Arab Woman in Space
نشوى عيسى
ModernNashwa Eassa
Sudanese Physicist and Nanotechnology Researcher
مريم مطر
ModernMaryam Matar
Emirati Geneticist and Public Health Leader
رشيد سنياييف
ModernRashid Sunyaev
Pioneer of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect and Modern High-Energy Astrophysics
رولد سغدييف
ModernRoald Sagdeev
Founder of Modern Nonlinear Plasma Physics and Leader of Soviet Space Science
عباس بن فرناس
810–887Abbas ibn Firnas
Pioneer of Human Flight in Al-Andalus
عبد الرحمن الصوفي
903–986Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
Master of the Fixed Stars
ابن وافد
1008–1075Ibn Wafid
Physician, Pharmacologist and Master of Simple Drugs
أبو زيد البلخي
850–934Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
Founder of the Balkhi School of Geography and Pioneer of Mental Health
إبراهيم بن سنان
908–946Ibrahim ibn Sinan
The Geometer of the Parabola
عمار بن علي الموصلي
ClassicalAmmar ibn Ali al-Mawsili
Innovator of Cataract Surgery
ابن جزلة
1029–1100Ibn Jazla
The Physician of the Tabular Handbook
نجيب الدين السمرقندي
ClassicalNajib al-Din al-Samarqandi
The Physician of Causes and Symptoms
شمس الدين الخليلي
1320–1380Shams al-Din al-Khalili
The Astronomer of the Umayyad Mosque
ابن البنّاء المراكشي
1256–1321Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi
The Reckoner of the Maghreb
أبو عبد الله محمد بن محمد الأموي
1400–1489Abu Abdallah al-Umawi
The Andalusi Arithmetician of Damascus
أبو حيّان التوحيدي
923–1023Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi
Philosopher of Letters and Society
أبو سليمان السجستاني
912–985Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani
The Logician of Baghdad
الشهرستاني
1086–1153Al-Shahrastani
Historian of Religions and Sects
الشريف الجرجاني
1339–1413Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
Master of Definitions and Glosses
أثير الدين الأبهري
1200–1265Athir al-Din al-Abhari
Author of the Isagoge
نجم الدين الكاتبي القزويني
1203–1277Najm al-Din al-Katibi al-Qazwini
Master of Logic and Companion of the Maragha Observatory
محمد بن أُمَيْل التميمي
900–960Muhammad ibn Umayl al-Tamimi
The Contemplative Alchemist of the Silvery Water
ابن رُسْتَه
860–925Ibn Rusta
Persian Geographer and Encyclopaedist
سليمان المهري
1480–1550Sulaiman al-Mahri
Master Navigator of the Indian Ocean
ابن الأكفاني
1286–1348Ibn al-Akfani
The Cartographer of the Sciences
ابن الدريهم
1312–1361Ibn al-Durayhim
Master of Cryptanalysis
الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي
718–786Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
Founder of Arabic Lexicography and Prosody
ابن النديم
932–995Ibn al-Nadim
Compiler of al-Fihrist, the First Great Catalogue of the Sciences
إسماعيل بن الحسن الجرجاني
1042–1137Ismail al-Jurjani
Compiler of the Great Persian Medical Encyclopedia
عبد اللطيف البغدادي
1162–1231Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
The Physician Who Corrected Galen by Observation
أحمد بن الطيب السرخسي
835–899Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi
The Foremost Student of al-Kindi
إسحاق بن حنين
830–911Ishaq ibn Hunayn
Translator of Euclid and Ptolemy
مُهَذَّب الدين الدَّخْوار
1170–1230Muhadhdhab al-Din al-Dakhwar
Founder of the First Dedicated Medical School
رشيد الدين الصُّوري
1177–1242Rashid al-Din al-Suri
Botanist Who Drew Plants From Living Nature
شمس الدين السمرقندي
1250–1310Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
Geometer and Astronomer of Samarqand
نظام الدين النيسابوري
1270–1330Nizam al-Din al-Nishaburi
Commentator on al-Tusi and Astronomer of Khorasan
محمد بن عبد المنعم الحِمْيَري
ClassicalMuhammad al-Himyari
Author of the Geographical Dictionary of the Islamic World
علي بن موسى ابن سعيد المغربي
1213–1286Ibn Said al-Maghribi
Andalusi Geographer, Historian, and Anthologist of the Islamic World
العباس بن سعيد الجوهري
800–860Al-Abbas ibn Said al-Jawhari
Mathematician and Astronomer of the House of Wisdom
أحمد بن محمد النهاوندي
770–835Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nahawandi
One of the Earliest Observational Astronomers of Islam
ابن خلِّكان
1211–1282Ibn Khallikan
Father of Islamic Biography
سِيبَوَيْهِ
760–796Sibawayh
Father of Arabic Grammar
الأصمعي
740–828Al-Asma‘i
Pioneer of Descriptive Zoology and Arabic Philology
حمزة الأصفهاني
893–961Hamza al-Isfahani
Historian of Nations and Master of Chronology
أبو بكر الطرطوشي
1059–1126Abu Bakr al-Tartushi
Andalusi Jurist and Author of the Mirror for Princes
إبراهيم بن يعقوب
ClassicalIbrahim ibn Yaqub
Andalusi Traveller and Chronicler of Tenth-Century Europe
علي بن الأثير
1160–1233Ali ibn al-Athir
The Master Historian of al-Kamil
الصفدي
1297–1363Al-Safadi
Master of the Biographical Encyclopedia
أبو العباس محمد بن يزيد المبرّد
826–898Al-Mubarrad
Master of Arabic Grammar and Letters
إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن وهب الكاتب
ClassicalIbn Wahb al-Katib
Theorist of Eloquence and Demonstration
أبو منصور البغدادي
980–1037Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
Theorist of Number and Measurement
ابن فلّوس
1194–1252Ibn Fallus
Reckoner of Perfect Numbers and Magic Squares
شهاب الدين القرافي
1228–1285Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
The Maliki Jurist Who Tested Light
الماوردي
972–1058Al-Mawardi
Founder of Islamic Political Theory
سليم يوسف
ModernSalim Yusuf
World-Leading Cardiovascular Researcher and Epidemiologist
جيم الخليلي
ModernJim Al-Khalili
Theoretical Nuclear Physicist and Science Communicator
شان ماجد
ModernShahn Majid
Pioneer of Quantum Groups and Noncommutative Geometry
يوسف حميد
ModernYusuf Hamied
Chemist and Champion of Affordable Medicine
أديب رضوي
ModernAdeeb Rizvi
The Surgeon of Free Healing
أسد مدني
ModernAsad Madni
The Engineer of Sensors and Safety
سميرة إبراهيم إسلام
ModernSamira Ibrahim Islam
Pioneer of Drug Safety in the Arab World
علي مصطفى مشرفة
1898–1950Ali Mostafa Mosharafa
Father of Modern Egyptian Physics
محمد أختر
1933–2023Muhammad Akhtar
Pioneer of Enzyme Mechanism and Steroid Biochemistry
منجي باوندي
ModernMoungi Bawendi
Nobel Laureate and Master of the Quantum Dot
أوغور شاهين
ModernUğur Şahin
Co-founder of BioNTech and Pioneer of mRNA Vaccines
أوزلِم تُورجي
ModernÖzlem Türeci
Co-founder of BioNTech and Pioneer of Cancer Immunotherapy
رامين گلستانيان
ModernRamin Golestanian
Theoretical Physicist of Active Matter
پارديس ثابتي
ModernPardis Sabeti
Computational Geneticist of Outbreaks
جانان داغديفيرين
ModernCanan Dagdeviren
Pioneer of Flexible Bio-Electronic Devices
هاني فريد
ModernHany Farid
Founder of Digital Image Forensics
محمد زاهد حسن
ModernM. Zahid Hasan
Discoverer of Weyl Fermions and Topological Quantum Matter
فريال أوزال
ModernFeryal Ozel
Theoretical Astrophysicist of Black Holes and Neutron Stars
هدى عقيل
ModernHuda Akil
Pioneering Neuroscientist of Emotion and the Brain
مها عاشور عبد الله
ModernMaha Ashour-Abdalla
Egyptian-American Space Plasma Physicist