Islamic Scientists
97 scholars who shaped human knowledge — from the 8th century to today
Showing 97 of 97
ابن الهيثم
965–1040Ibn al-Haytham
Father of Modern Optics
الخوارزمي
780–850Al-Khwarizmi
Father of Algebra
ابن سينا
980–1037Ibn Sina
Prince of Physicians
البيروني
973–1048Al-Biruni
Master of All Knowledge
الرازي
854–925Al-Razi (Rhazes)
The Father of Clinical Medicine
الفارابي
872–950Al-Farabi
The Second Teacher
الغزالي
1058–1111Al-Ghazali
The Proof of Islam
ابن رشد
1126–1198Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
The Commentator
ابن خلدون
1332–1406Ibn Khaldun
The Father of Sociology and Historiography
ابن رشد
1126–1198Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
The Commentator — Defender of Reason
نصير الدين الطوسي
1201–1274Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
The Master of Mathematics and the Stars
جابر بن حيان
721–815Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber)
Father of Chemistry
البتاني
858–929Al-Battani
The Ptolemy of the Arabs
أبو القاسم الزهراوي
936–1013Al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis)
Father of Modern Surgery
ابن النفيس
1213–1288Ibn al-Nafis
Discoverer of Pulmonary Circulation
محمد الإدريسي
1100–1165Al-Idrisi
Greatest Cartographer of the Medieval World
عمر الخيام
1048–1131Omar Khayyam
Mathematician, Astronomer, and Poet of the Infinite
جابر بن حيان
721–815Jabir ibn Hayyan
Father of Chemistry
البتاني
858–929Al-Battani
The Ptolemy of the Arabs
الكندي
801–873Al-Kindi
Father of Arab Philosophy
الفارابي
872–950Al-Farabi
The Second Teacher
المسعودي
896–956Al-Masudi
The Herodotus of the Arabs
ثابت بن قرة
836–901Thabit ibn Qurra
Reformer of Ptolemaic Astronomy
الفرغاني
800–870Al-Farghani
The Astronomer of the Caliphs
ابن طفيل
1105–1185Ibn Tufayl
The Philosopher of the Desert Island
عمر الخيام
1048–1131Omar Khayyam
The Mathematician-Poet
نصير الدين الطوسي
1201–1274Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Master of the Sciences
الجزري
1136–1206Al-Jazari
Father of Modern Engineering
ابن خلدون
1332–1406Ibn Khaldun
Father of Sociology and Historiography
الإدريسي
1100–1165Al-Idrisi
The Mapmaker of the World
أولغ بيك
1394–1449Ulugh Beg
The Astronomer Sultan
ابن الشاطر
1304–1375Ibn al-Shatir
The Clock Maker and Astronomer
الكاشي
1380–1429Jamshid al-Kashi
Calculator of Pi
البوزجاني
940–998Abu al-Wafa al-Buzjani
Master of Trigonometry
الكرجي
953–1029Abu Bakr al-Karaji
Pioneer of Algebraic Calculus
شرف الدين الطوسي
1135–1213Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
Solver of Cubic Equations
القلصادي
1412–1486Abu al-Hasan al-Qalasadi
Father of Algebraic Notation
كمال الدين الفارسي
1267–1319Kamal al-Din al-Farisi
The Explainer of the Rainbow
علي قوشجي
1403–1474Ali Qushji
The Astronomer of Constantinople
ابن النفيس
1213–1288Ibn al-Nafis
Discoverer of Pulmonary Circulation
تقي الدين محمد بن معروف
1521–1585Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
The Ottoman Galileo
أحمد بن ماجد النجدي
1421–1500Ahmad ibn Majid al-Najdi
The Lion of the Sea
أبو الوفاء البوزجاني
940–998Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani
Inventor of the Sine and Tangent Tables
أبو كامل
850–930Abu Kamil
The Egyptian Calculator
الأقليدسي
920–980Al-Uqlidisi
Pioneer of Decimal Fractions
ابن سهل
940–1000Ibn Sahl
Discoverer of the Law of Refraction
ابن يونس
950–1009Ibn Yunus
The Astronomer of the Fatimids
البطروجي
1150–1204Al-Bitruji
The Anti-Ptolemaic Astronomer
الجاحظ
776–868Al-Jahiz
Father of Evolutionary Zoology
الهمداني
893–945Al-Hamdani
The Tongue of Yemen
الدمشقي
1256–1327Al-Dimashqi
The Geographer of Natural History
زكريا القزويني
1203–1283Zakariyya al-Qazwini
The Muslim Pliny
ابن بطوطة
1304–1368Ibn Battuta
The Greatest Traveler of the Ancient World
ابن باجة
1085–1138Ibn Bajja (Avempace)
The Philosopher of Saragossa
قطب الدين الشيرازي
1236–1311Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
The Polymath of Shiraz
ابن خلدون
1332–1406Ibn Khaldun
Father of Economics and Social Science
ماشاء الله بن أثري
740–815Masha'allah ibn Athari
Founder of Islamic Astronomy
حنين بن إسحاق
809–873Hunayn ibn Ishaq
Master of the Translators
علي بن العباس المجوسي
930–994Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi
The Royal Book Physician
ابن الخطيب
1313–1374Ibn al-Khatib
The Pioneer of Germ Theory
ابن البيطار
1197–1248Ibn al-Baitar
The Greatest Botanist of the Middle Ages
السموأل بن يحيى المغربي
1130–1180Al-Samaw'al ibn Yahya al-Maghribi
The Algebraist of Baghdad
المراكشي
1281–1320Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
The Master of Astronomical Instruments
السيوطي
1445–1505Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti
The Scholar of Five Hundred Books
ابن الوردي
1292–1349Zayn al-Din Umar ibn al-Wardi
The Geographer-Poet
ابن معاذ الجياني
989–1079Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muadh al-Jayyani
Pioneer of Spherical Trigonometry
يحيى بن أبي منصور
770–830Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
Compiler of the First Islamic Astronomical Tables
عبد السلام
1926–1996Abdus Salam
Nobel Laureate — Electroweak Theory
أحمد زويل
1946–2016Ahmed Zewail
Father of Femtochemistry
عزيز سنجر
ModernAziz Sancar
Nobel Prize — DNA Repair
فاروق الباز
ModernFarouk El-Baz
NASA Apollo Geologist
مايكل ديباكي
1908–2008Michael DeBakey
Father of Modern Cardiovascular Surgery
مريم ميرزاخاني
1977–2017Maryam Mirzakhani
First Woman to Win the Fields Medal
لطفي زاده
1921–2017Lotfi Zadeh
Father of Fuzzy Logic
عمر ياغي
ModernOmar Yaghi
Pioneer of Metal-Organic Frameworks
علي جوان
1926–2016Ali Javan
Inventor of the Gas Laser
نرگس موالوالا
ModernNergis Mavalvala
Gravitational Wave Physicist
مجدي يعقوب
ModernSir Magdi Yacoub
The Heart Surgeon Who Changed Millions of Lives
مصطفى طلبة
1922–2016Mostafa Tolba
The Father of International Environmentalism
سلطان بن سلمان آل سعود
ModernSultan bin Salman Al Saud
First Arab and Muslim Astronaut
أنوشه انصاري
ModernAnousheh Ansari
First Muslim Woman in Space
هدى زغبي
ModernHuda Zoghbi
Discoverer of the Rett Syndrome Gene
حياة سندي
ModernHayat Sindi
Pioneer of Accessible Medical Diagnostics
نادر انقتا
ModernNader Engheta
Pioneer of Metamaterials and Optical Nanocircuits
أروغياسامي باولراج
ModernArogyaswami Paulraj
Father of MIMO Technology
مينا بيسل
ModernMina Bissell
Pioneer of 3D Cancer Biology
نضال قسوم
ModernNidhal Guessoum
The Astronomer-Theologian
عطاء الرحمن
ModernAtta ur Rahman
The Chemist Who Built Pakistani Science
هزاع المنصوري
ModernHazzaa Al Mansoori
First Emirati Astronaut
سليم حق
1952–2023Saleemul Huq
Pioneer of Climate Change Adaptation
شيخ مصفر شكور
ModernSheikh Muszaphar Shukor
First Malaysian Astronaut
ضياء الدين سردار
ModernZiauddin Sardar
Scholar of Islam and Science
علي حاجيميري
ModernAli Hajimiri
Pioneer of Integrated Circuit Design
سيد حسين نصر
ModernSeyyed Hossein Nasr
Philosopher of Islamic Science
بابك حسيبي
ModernBabak Hassibi
Theorist of Information and Inference
أحمد كريمي حكاك
ModernAhmad Karimi-Hakkak
Scholar of Persian Science and Literature
أكمل الدين إحسان أوغلو
ModernEkmeleddin Ihsanoglu
Historian of Islamic Science