与先知 ﷺ 的关系
Sa'd was a maternal relative of the Prophet ﷺ through the Banu Zuhrah clan. The Prophet ﷺ showed him unique affection, declaring "May my father and mother be sacrificed for you" — a phrase of supreme honor rarely used. The Prophet ﷺ personally handed him arrows in battle and prayed that all of Sa'd's supplications be answered. Sa'd was one of the six companions nominated by Umar to choose the next Caliph, reflecting his elevated status among the Prophet's ﷺ inner circle.
重要生平事件
Born in Makkah to the Banu Zuhrah clan, maternal relatives of the Prophet ﷺ
Accepted Islam at age 17 — the 7th person to convert; endured his mother's hunger strike
First person to shoot an arrow in the cause of Islam
Defended the Prophet ﷺ with arrows at the Battle of Uhud
Led the Muslim army to victory at the Battle of Qadisiyyah against Persia
Founded the city of Kufa in Iraq as a major garrison and learning center
Passed away as the last of the ten promised Paradise, buried in al-Baqi'
完整生平
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, born around 595 CE in Makkah, belonged to the Banu Zuhrah clan of Quraysh — the same clan as Aminah bint Wahb, the mother of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, making Sa'd a maternal relative of the Prophet. He was one of the ten companions promised Paradise, one of the earliest converts to Islam, and the commander who brought down the mighty Sassanid Persian Empire.
Sa'd accepted Islam at the age of approximately 17, making him one of the youngest and earliest converts. He was the seventh person to embrace Islam. His conversion caused a severe rift with his mother, Hamnah bint Sufyan, who declared a hunger strike, refusing to eat or drink until Sa'd renounced Islam. For days she starved herself, becoming increasingly weak. Despite his deep love for his mother, Sa'd stood firm, telling her: "O mother, even if you had a hundred souls and they left one by one, I would not give up my religion." It was regarding this very trial that Allah revealed the verse: "But if they strive to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them but accompany them in this world with kindness" (31:15).
Sa'd was the first person to shoot an arrow in the cause of Islam, during a skirmish at Rabigh before the Battle of Badr. The Prophet ﷺ was so pleased with his archery that he made the extraordinary statement: "Shoot, Sa'd! May my father and mother be sacrificed for you!" (Sahih Bukhari). This phrase — "fidaka abi wa ummi" — was one of the highest expressions of love and honor in Arab culture, and the Prophet ﷺ reserved it for Sa'd alone in the context of battle.
At the Battle of Uhud (625 CE), when many companions fled the initial chaos, Sa'd was one of the few who stood firm, shooting arrows to defend the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ himself handed arrows to Sa'd, and Sa'd shot them with deadly precision.
Sa'd's greatest military achievement came during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab, when he was appointed commander of the Muslim army against the Sassanid Persian Empire. At the Battle of Qadisiyyah in 636 CE, Sa'd led approximately 30,000 Muslim soldiers against Rostam Farrokhzad's Persian army of over 60,000, supported by war elephants. Despite being severely ill — so ill he commanded from a stretcher — Sa'd's strategic genius led to one of the most decisive victories in history. The three-day battle resulted in the collapse of the Sassanid military power and opened the way for the liberation of the entire Persian Empire.
Following Qadisiyyah, Sa'd founded the city of Kufa in modern-day Iraq around 638 CE, designing it as a major garrison city and center of Islamic learning. He served as governor of Kufa and administered the vast new territories with justice. Under his governance, the Muslim forces continued their advance, taking Ctesiphon (the Sassanid capital) and recovering the legendary Carpet of Chosroes, which was sent to Umar in Madinah.
Sa'd was also notable for having his supplications (dua) answered by Allah consistently. The Prophet ﷺ prayed: "O Allah, answer Sa'd's supplication whenever he calls upon You" (Sunan at-Tirmidhi). Because of this, people were careful not to wrong Sa'd, knowing his prayers were answered.
Sa'd outlived most of his contemporaries, passing away around 674-675 CE at his estate in al-Aqiq, about ten miles from Madinah. He was approximately 79-80 years old, making him the last of the ten promised Paradise to die. He was carried to Madinah and buried in al-Baqi' cemetery.
Tradition holds that Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas may have reached China during or after his lifetime, with the Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou, China — one of the oldest mosques in the world — attributed to his or his emissaries' arrival, though this is historically debated.
著名言论
Shoot, Sa'd! May my father and mother be sacrificed for you! — Prophet Muhammad ﷺ (Sahih Bukhari)
O mother, even if you had a hundred souls and they left one by one, I would not give up my religion. — Sa'd to his mother
O Allah, answer Sa'd's supplication whenever he calls upon You. — Prophet Muhammad ﷺ (Sunan at-Tirmidhi)
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas is the maternal uncle of the Prophet ﷺ — let anyone who has such an uncle bring him forward. — Sa'd on his lineage
给你人生的教益
Faith requires standing firm even against family pressure — Sa'd refused to abandon Islam despite his mother's hunger strike.
Skill perfected for Allah's cause earns the highest honor — the Prophet ﷺ sacrificed his parents' honor for Sa'd's archery.
Illness does not excuse leadership responsibility — Sa'd commanded the Battle of Qadisiyyah from a stretcher.
Building institutions outlasts winning battles — Sa'd founded Kufa as a lasting center of learning.
Sincere dua is a weapon more powerful than any army — Sa'd's prayers were always answered.
如何效仿他们
想追随 Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas 的足迹吗？从这些取自他们一生的实用步骤开始吧。
- 1
Faith requires standing firm even against family pressure — Sa'd refused to abandon Islam despite his mother's hunger strike.
- 2
Skill perfected for Allah's cause earns the highest honor — the Prophet ﷺ sacrificed his parents' honor for Sa'd's archery.
- 3
Illness does not excuse leadership responsibility — Sa'd commanded the Battle of Qadisiyyah from a stretcher.
- 4
Building institutions outlasts winning battles — Sa'd founded Kufa as a lasting center of learning.
- 5
Sincere dua is a weapon more powerful than any army — Sa'd's prayers were always answered.